COST
10523
S0263-8223(18)33192-1
10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.006
The Authors
Lower stiffness of GFRP after sulfuric acid-solution aging is due to degradation of fibre-matrix interfaces?
M.
Kanerva
a
⁎
Mikko.Kanerva@tut.fi
J.
Jokinen
a
E.
Sarlin
a
T.
Pärnänen
a
b
M.
Lindgren
c
M.
Järventausta
a
J.
Vuorinen
a
a
Tampere University of Technology, Laboratory of Materials Science, P.O. Box 589, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
Tampere University of Technology
Laboratory of Materials Science
P.O. Box 589
FI-33101 Tampere
Finland
b
Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, P.O. Box 14300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
Aalto University
School of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
P.O. Box 14300
FI-00076 Aalto
Finland
c
Outotec Research Center, P.O. Box 69, 28101 Pori, Finland
Outotec Research Center
P.O. Box 69
28101 Pori
Finland
⁎
Corresponding author.
Highlights
•
Six-month sulfuric acid immersion at high temperature and pressure are performed for GFRP composites.
•
The detailed effects of aging are reported for tensile and flexural tests, two lay-ups and pure matrix.
•
Material models of two different length-scales are used to trace the experimentally observed aging.
•
Automated sensitivity surveys and fitted models reveal that interfacial aging alone would not explain aging.
Abstract
The aging effects on composite stiffness are important when structures are monitored under long-term mechanical loads and harsh chemical environment. This work aims to reveal the role of fibre-to-matrix interfacial aging on elastic constants due to a long-term sulfuric acid immersion at a high temperature and pressure. The aging effects of glass fibre matrix interfaces are rather impossible to measure directly and they cannot be easily subtracted from macro scale test results. Here, extensive numerical simulations are automatically run to show the sensitivity of all the essential elastic constants on the experimentally observed output of mechanical tests in reality. Material models are formulated for two different length-scales to understand (1) the sensitivity of the layer’s length scale related elastic constants and (2) micro scale material properties. The well-established Halpin-Tsai parameters are used to include interfacial effects. The experimental results show that the aging significantly affects tensile and flexural behavior of glass fibre vinylester epoxy composites: tensile and flexural stiffness decreased 6–49% and ultimate strength values 13–34%. The simulations presented that the degradation of fibre matrix interfaces cannot be excluded and they verified the degradation of glass-fibres’ modulus due the conditioning.
Keywords
Aging
Finite element modelling
GFRP
Sulfuric acid
Elasticity
KBJ00000000010199
2019-02-19T18:47:01
S300.2
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S0263-8223(18)33192-1
10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.01.006
COST
0263-8223
10523
FLA
NON-CRC
UNLIMITED
FINELIB
2019-01-04T01:27:37Z
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