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The Author
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Cell Press, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.
Research Article
A Versatile Phenotyping System and Analytics Platform Reveals Diverse Temporal Responses to Water Availability in Setaria
Noah
Fahlgren
1
3
Maximilian
Feldman
1
3
Malia A.
Gehan
1
3
Melinda S.
Wilson
1
Christine
Shyu
1
Douglas W.
Bryant
1
Steven T.
Hill
1
Colton J.
McEntee
1
Sankalpi N.
Warnasooriya
1
Indrajit
Kumar
1
Tracy
Ficor
1
Stephanie
Turnipseed
1
Kerrigan B.
Gilbert
1
Thomas P.
Brutnell
1
James C.
Carrington
1
Todd C.
Mockler
1
Ivan
Baxter
2
∗
ivan.baxter@ars.usda.gov
1
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
2
USDA-ARS, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
∗
Corresponding author
3
These authors contributed equally to this article.
Published: June 20, 2015
Abstract
Phenotyping has become the rate-limiting step in using large-scale genomic data to understand and improve agricultural crops. Here, the Bellwether Phenotyping Platform for controlled-environment plant growth and automated multimodal phenotyping is described. The system has capacity for 1140 plants, which pass daily through stations to record fluorescence, near-infrared, and visible images. Plant Computer Vision (PlantCV) was developed as open-source, hardware platform-independent software for quantitative image analysis. In a 4-week experiment, wild Setaria viridis and domesticated Setaria italica had fundamentally different temporal responses to water availability. While both lines produced similar levels of biomass under limited water conditions, Setaria viridis maintained the same water-use efficiency under water replete conditions, while Setaria italica shifted to less efficient growth. Overall, the Bellwether Phenotyping Platform and PlantCV software detected significant effects of genotype and environment on height, biomass, water-use efficiency, color, plant architecture, and tissue water status traits. All ∼79 000 images acquired during the course of the experiment are publicly available.
A high-throughput image-based phenotyping platform with controlled watering and new open-source trait extraction tools reveal distinct responses to water availability in wild and domesticated Setaria.
Key words
abiotic/environmental stress
water relations
bioinformatics
development
phenotyping
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GS2
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, which harbors a mutation in OsGRF4 that affects the target sequence of OsmiR396c, could elevate the expression of GS2 in rice and thus increase the grain size and panicle length, leading to enhanced grain yield. Image by: Jiang Hu.
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