Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands
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Root exudate profiling of maize seedlings inoculated with Herbaspirillum seropedicae and humic acids
da Silva Lima, Lívia
Olivares, Fábio Lopes
Rodrigues de Oliveira, Rodrigo
Vega, Maria Raquel Garcia
Aguiar, Natália Oliveira
Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto
text
article
monographic
Chemical and biological technologies in agriculture
continuing
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10.1186/s40538-014-0023-z
urn:nbn:nl:kb-1418178957568
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Springer International Publishing
Cham
Springer
40538
2196-5641
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.
Life Sciences
Agriculture
Organic Chemistry
Plant Biochemistry
Soil Science & Conservation
Plant Physiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
1
1
1
1
1
3
2014
12
2014
The Author(s)
2014
23
10.1186/s40538-014-0023-z
23
22
Root exudate profiling of maize seedlings inoculated with Herbaspirillum seropedicae and humic acids
Research
1
18
2014
10
30
2014
6
12
2014
10
30
2014
11
27
da Silva Lima et al.; licensee Springer.
2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
Lívia
da Silva Lima
llivialima6@gmail.com
Fábio
Lopes
Olivares
fabio.olivares@gmail.com
Rodrigo
Rodrigues de Oliveira
rorroliveira@gmail.com
Maria
Raquel
Garcia
Vega
py.raquel@gmail.com
Natália
Oliveira
Aguiar
nattyaguiar@gmail.com
Luciano
Pasqualoto
Canellas
lucianocanellas@gmail.com
Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para a Agricultura (NUDIBA)
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)
Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes
28013-602
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Laboratório de Ciências Químicas (LCQUI)
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)
Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes
28013-602
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Abstract
Background
Co-inoculation of maize with Herbaspirillum seropedicae and humic substances increases the sizes of plant-associated bacterial populations and enhances grain yields under laboratory and field conditions. Root exudation is a key mechanism in the regulation of plant-bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere; humic matter supplementation is known to change the exudation of H+ ions and organic acids from maize roots. Our starting premise was that H. seropedicae and humic acids would modify maize seedling exudation profiles. We postulated that a better understanding of these shifts in exudate profiles might be useful in improving the chemical environment to promote better performance of plant growth-promoting bacteria delivered as bioinoculants. Thus, root exudates of maize were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).
Results
Nitrogenous compounds, fatty acids, organic acids, steroids, and terpenoid derivatives were the main structural moieties found in root exudates. Significant changes in exudation patterns occurred 14 days after the initiation of experiments. Quantities of fatty acids, phenols, and organic acids exuded by seedlings treated with humic acids alone differed from the quantities exuded in other treatments. Seedlings treated with H. seropedicae or H. seropedicae in combination with humic acids exuded a diversity of nitrogenous compounds, most of which had heterocyclic structures. Twenty-one days after initiating the experiment, seedlings treated with H. seropedicae alone exuded elevated quantities of steroids and terpenoid derivatives related to precursors of gibberellic acids (kaurenoic acids).
Conclusions
Changes in root exudation profiles induced by our treatments became most marked 14 and 21 days after initiation of the experiment; on those days, we observed (i) increased fatty acid exudation from seedlings treated only with humic acids and (ii) increased exudations of nitrogenated compounds and terpenes from seedlings treated only with H. seropedicae. Improved knowledge on the effects of bacterial inoculants and supplementation with humates on plant exudate composition may contribute substantially to improved understanding of plant metabolic responses and lead to new approaches in the use of selected compounds as additives in bioinoculant formulations that will modulate the cross-talk between bacteria and plants, thereby improving crop yields.
Keywords
Plant growth-promoting bacteria
Endophytic interaction
Humic substances
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:
10.1186/s40538-014-0023-z
) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Springer International Publishing
Cham
Springer
40538
2196-5641
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Chem. Biol. Technol. Agric.
Life Sciences
Agriculture
Organic Chemistry
Plant Biochemistry
Soil Science & Conservation
Plant Physiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
1
1
1
1
1
3
2014
12
2014
The Author(s)
2014
23
10.1186/s40538-014-0023-z
23
22
Root exudate profiling of maize seedlings inoculated with Herbaspirillum seropedicae and humic acids
Research
1
18
2014
10
30
2014
6
12
2014
10
30
2014
11
27
da Silva Lima et al.; licensee Springer.
2014
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.
Lívia
da Silva Lima
llivialima6@gmail.com
Fábio
Lopes
Olivares
fabio.olivares@gmail.com
Rodrigo
Rodrigues de Oliveira
rorroliveira@gmail.com
Maria
Raquel
Garcia
Vega
py.raquel@gmail.com
Natália
Oliveira
Aguiar
nattyaguiar@gmail.com
Luciano
Pasqualoto
Canellas
lucianocanellas@gmail.com
Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos para a Agricultura (NUDIBA)
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)
Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes
28013-602
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Laboratório de Ciências Químicas (LCQUI)
Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF)
Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes
28013-602
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
Abstract
Background
Co-inoculation of maize with Herbaspirillum seropedicae and humic substances increases the sizes of plant-associated bacterial populations and enhances grain yields under laboratory and field conditions. Root exudation is a key mechanism in the regulation of plant-bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere; humic matter supplementation is known to change the exudation of H+ ions and organic acids from maize roots. Our starting premise was that H. seropedicae and humic acids would modify maize seedling exudation profiles. We postulated that a better understanding of these shifts in exudate profiles might be useful in improving the chemical environment to promote better performance of plant growth-promoting bacteria delivered as bioinoculants. Thus, root exudates of maize were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).
Results
Nitrogenous compounds, fatty acids, organic acids, steroids, and terpenoid derivatives were the main structural moieties found in root exudates. Significant changes in exudation patterns occurred 14 days after the initiation of experiments. Quantities of fatty acids, phenols, and organic acids exuded by seedlings treated with humic acids alone differed from the quantities exuded in other treatments. Seedlings treated with H. seropedicae or H. seropedicae in combination with humic acids exuded a diversity of nitrogenous compounds, most of which had heterocyclic structures. Twenty-one days after initiating the experiment, seedlings treated with H. seropedicae alone exuded elevated quantities of steroids and terpenoid derivatives related to precursors of gibberellic acids (kaurenoic acids).
Conclusions
Changes in root exudation profiles induced by our treatments became most marked 14 and 21 days after initiation of the experiment; on those days, we observed (i) increased fatty acid exudation from seedlings treated only with humic acids and (ii) increased exudations of nitrogenated compounds and terpenes from seedlings treated only with H. seropedicae. Improved knowledge on the effects of bacterial inoculants and supplementation with humates on plant exudate composition may contribute substantially to improved understanding of plant metabolic responses and lead to new approaches in the use of selected compounds as additives in bioinoculant formulations that will modulate the cross-talk between bacteria and plants, thereby improving crop yields.
Keywords
Plant growth-promoting bacteria
Endophytic interaction
Humic substances
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:
10.1186/s40538-014-0023-z
) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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